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Snapshot
Primary Traits
3,017.5 g
0 m - 50 m
49
—
Record section
Identity and Taxonomy
Scientific identity, taxonomic placement, and source lineage.
Scientific name
Spheniscus demersus
English name
African Penguin
Order
Sphenisciformes
Family
Spheniscidae
Genus
Spheniscus
Species
demersus
Data source
HBW1, TBW, BOTW, D07
Record section
Conservation and Range
Threat status and geographic distribution signals.
Conservation status
Critically Endangered
Range restricted
No
Island endemic
No
Biogeographic realm
Afrotropical
Latitudinal zone
Tropical-Temperate
Record section
Measurements
Mass and elevation values from the stored record.
Minimum female mass
2,960 g
Maximum female mass
No data
Minimum male mass
3,310 g
Maximum male mass
No data
Minimum unsexed mass
2,100 g
Maximum unsexed mass
3,700 g
Average mass
3,017.5 g
Minimum elevation
No data
Typical lower elevation
0 m
Typical upper elevation
50 m
Maximum elevation
No data
Elevation range
50 m
Typical elevation
25 m
Record section
Ecology
Habitat, diet, and specialization profile.
Primary habitat
Sea
Habitat breadth
2
Primary diet
Fish
Diet breadth
2
Diet specialization index
1.4
Record section
Behavior and Reproduction
Breeding, nesting, incubation, and social traits.
Social behavior
Colonial
Mating system
No data
Cooperative breeding
No data
Nest type
Burrow
Nest substrate
Ground
Minimum broods per year
No data
Maximum broods per year
No data
Minimum clutch size
2
Maximum clutch size
2
Incubating sex
Both
Minimum incubation period
38 d
Maximum incubation period
No data
Minimum fledging period
70 d
Maximum fledging period
80 d
Nest parasitism
No data
Average clutch size
2
Average fledging period
75 d
Record section
Mobility and Flight
Flight ability and movement pattern.
Flight status
Flightless
Mobility patterns
Irregular/Nomadic, Dispersive, Sedentary